Assessment of the Effect of an Aliamide-containing Topical Gel by Evaluation of the Reduction of Wound Volume Measured by High R

Author(s): 
Panagiotis Mantis, DVM; David H. Lloyd, PhD; Dirk Pfeiffer, PhD; Kim Stevens, MSc; Silvia Auxilia, DVM; Chiara Noli, DVM; Francesca Abramo, DVM; Alda Miolo, BA

Disclosure: Funding for this work was provided by the Royal Veterinary College Internal Grant Scheme and by Innovet Italia Srl.

References: 

1. Swaim SF. Advances in wound healing in small animal practice: current status and lines of development. Veterinary Dermatol. 1997;8:249–257.
2. Dyson M. Advances in wound healing physiology: the comparative perspective. Veterinary Dermatol. 1997;8:227–233.
3. Artuc M, Hermes B, Steckelings UM, Grutzkau A, Henz BM. Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing—active participants or innocent bystanders? Exp Dermatol. 1999;8(1):1–16.
4. Kischer CW, Bunce H 3rd, Shetlah MR. Mast cell analyses in hypertrophic scars, hypertrophic scars treated with pressure and mature scars. J Invest Dermatol. 1978;70(6):355–370.
5. Craig SS, DeBlois G, Schwartz LB. Mast cells in human keloid, small intestine, and lung by an immunoperoxidase technique using a murine monoclonal antibody against tryptase. Am J Pathol. 1986;124(3):427–435.
6. Smith CJ, Smith JC, Finn MC. The possible role of mast cells (allergy) in the production of keloid and hypertrophic scarring. J Burn Care Rehabil. 1987;8(2):126–131.
7. Berdyshev EV, Schmid PC, Dong Z, Schmid HH. Stress-induced generation of N-acylethanolamines in mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells. Biochem J. 2000;346(Pt 2):369–374.
8. Schmid HH, Schmid PC, Natarajan V. N-acylated glycerophospholipids and their derivatives. Prog Lipid Res. 1990;29(1):1–43.
9. Re G, Barbero R, Miolo A, Di Marzo V. Palmitoylethanolamide, endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in protection against tissue inflammation and pain: potential use in companion animals. Vet J. 2007;173(1):21–30.
10. Aloe L, Leon A, Levi-Montalcini R. A proposed autacoid mechanism controlling mastocyte behaviour. Agents Actions. 1993;39:(Spec No)C145–C147.
11. Levi-Montalcini R, Skaper SD, Dal Toso R, Petrelli L, Leon A. Nerve growth factor: from neurotrophin to neurokine. Trends Neurosci. 1996;19(11):514–520.
12. Facci L, Dal Toso R, Romanello S, Buriani A, Skaper SD, Leon A. Mast cells express a peripheral cannabinoid receptor with differential sensitivity to anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92(8):3376–3380.
13. Mazzari S, Canella R, Petrelli L, Marcolongo G, Leon A. N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide is orally active in reducing edema formation and inflammatory hyperalgesia by down modulating mast cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;300(3):227–236.
14. Scarampella F, Abramo F, Noli C. Clinical and histological evaluation of an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide, PLR 120 (comicronized Palmidrol INN) in cats with eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophilic plaque: a pilot study. Vet Dermatol. 2001;12(1):29–39.
15. Goldman RJ, Salcido R. More than one way to measure a wound: an overview of tools and techniques. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2002;15(5):236–243.
16. Dyson M, Moodley S, Verjee L, Verling W, Weinman J, Wilson P. Wound healing assessment using 20 MHz ultrasound and photography. Skin Res Technol. 2003;9(2):116–121.
17. Mantis P, Lloyd DH, Pfeiffer D, Stevens K, Auxilia S, Noli C, Abramo F. High-resolution ultrasonography of experimentally induced full-thickness canine skin wounds: efficacy in imaging canine skin and comparison of two methods of measuring wound size. WOUNDS. 2005;17(5):107–113.
18. Foster FS, Pavlin CJ, Harasiewicz KA, Christopher DA, Turnbull DH. Advances in ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000;26(1):1–27.
19. Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1989;2(5):358–367.
20. Abramo F, Salluzzi D, Leotta R, Noli C, Auxilia S, Mantis P, Lloyd D. Mast cell morphometry of cutaneous wounds treated with and autacoid gel: a placebo-controlled study. Vet Dermatol. 2004;15(Suppl 1):39.
21. Bennett NT, Schultz GS. Growth factors and wound healing: biochemical properties of growth factors and their receptors. Am J Surg. 1993;165(6):728–737.
22. Deuel TF, Kawahara RS, Mustoe TA, Pierce AF. Growth factors and wound healing: platelet-derived growth factor as a model cytokine. Annu Rev Med. 1991;42:567–584.
23. Gillitzer R, Goebeler M. Chemokines in cutaneous wound healing. J Leukoc Biol. 2001;69(4):513–521.
24. Matsuda H, Koyama H, Sato H, et al. Role of nerve growth factor in cutaneous wound healing: accelerating effects in normal and healing-impaired diabetic mice. J Exp Med. 1998;187(3):297–306.
25. Gordon JR, Burd PR, Galli SJ. Mast cells as a source of multifunctional cytokines. Immunol Today. 1990;11(12):458–464.
26. Walgenbach KJ, Gorospe JR, Gratas C, Brunagel G, Hoffman EP, Shestak KC. A potential role for mast cells in the release of bFGF from normal myocytes during angiogenesis in vivo. J Invest Surg. 2002;15(3):153–162.
27. Leon A, Buriani A, Dal Toso R, et al. Mast cells synthesize, store, and release nerve growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(9):3739–3743.
28. Gottwald T, Coerper S, Schaffer M, Koveker G, Stead RH. The mast cell-nerve axis in wound healing: a hypothesis. Wound Repair Regen. 1998;6(1):8–20.
29. Noli C, Miolo A. The mast cell in wound healing. Vet Dermatol. 2001;12(6):303–313.
30. Weller K, Foitzik K, Paus R, Syska W, Maurer M. Mast cells are required for normal healing of skin wounds in mice. FASEB J. 2006;20(13):2366–2368.
31. Wankell M, Munz B, Hubner G, et al. Impaired wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the activin antagonist follistatin in the epidermis. EMBO J. 2001;20(19):5361–5372.
32. Souza BR, Cardoso JF, Amadeu TP, Desmouliere A, Costa AM. Sympathetic denervation accelerates wound contraction but delays reepithelialization in rats. Wound Repair Regen. 2005;13(5):498–505.