Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing: An Overview of the Past, Present, and Future

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Author(s): 
Peter J. van Winterswijk, MD1 and Erik Nout, MD2

The term tissue engineering was introduced in 1987 during a meeting of the National Science Foundation. It is the application of principles and methods of engineering and life sciences toward the fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in normal and pathological mammalian tissue, and the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve tissue function.1 Tissue engineering can be considered a multidisciplinary technology used to reach a universal goal—to grow and expand tissues in vitro from donor cells (grow-your-own).
The success of tissue engineering relies on mimicking the composition and structure of the original tissue. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of cells and cell-to-cell interactions in vivo. It is also important to understand the behavior of cell lines and cultures in vitro. Much research focuses on the use of tissue engineering in wound care and dermal tissue regeneration.
This review provides an overview of the history and techniques of tissue engineering, current wound healing-related research, available tissue-engineered wound dressings, and future challenges.

History of Tissue Engineering

Providing a history of tissue engineering it is inevitable to return to the basics, starting in 1665, when Hooke2 (1635–1703) discovered small holes in cross-sections, which he called cells and described in his book Micrographia. In 1805, Oken3 stated,“All life is based on individual cells.”
In 1838–1839, Schleiden4 and Schwann5 formulated the so-called “Cell Theory” based on their microscopic findings.This theory summarized their findings as:

• The cell is the unit of structure,physiology, and organization in living things
• The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and a building block in the construction of organisms
• Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals (spontaneous generation).

References: 

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